Island Towns
People often divide the Vineyard into up-Island and down-Island districts. Up-Island is the western area, which comprises the three rural towns of Aquinnah, Chilmark and West Tisbury. Down-Island is the eastern portion, home to the larger historic villages of Edgartown, Oak Bluffs and Vineyard Haven. The two terms come from the rich seagoing tradition of Martha’s Vineyard, which once sent its whaling ships circling the globe: heading “up,” in nautical terms, takes you west because it’s further from zero degrees of longitude in Greenwich, England, home of the Prime Meridian.
Aquinnah
Aquinnah, at the westernmost tip of Martha’s Vineyard, is best known to visitors as home of the brightly colored Gay Head Cliffs and, the historic Gay Head Lighthouse. The town encloses less than six square miles and has some 400 year-round residents; it is home to the lands of the commonwealth’s only federally recognized Native American tribe, the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah). According to Wampanoag legend, the ancestral giant Moshup created the colorful clay deposits in the Cliffs by smashing whales against them.
Chilmark
Also Up-island is the town of Chilmark, known for its rolling hills and stone walls, nature preserves and dramatic coastlines. From South Road you can look across pastures of grazing sheep to sandy southern beaches and the island of Noman’s Land, now a federal bird sanctuary closed to human visitors; the rockier north shore offers views of the Elizabeth Islands chain.
Chilmark includes the picture-postcard fishing village of Menemsha, with its quaint shops, tasty seafood and the best views of the sunset anywhere on the Vineyard.
Edgartown
Originally established in 1642 as Great Harbour, Edgartown occupies the southeastern corner of the island. It’s the oldest English settlement on Martha’s Vineyard. Edgartown is famous for the white-painted captain’s houses and grand churches that speak to the great prosperity of the whaling era. It is also home to the Vineyard Museum where you can catch up on local history. The plains district south of the town center, near the popular South Beach, is known as Katama. Dock Street’s On-Time ferry conveys its cross-harbor passengers to Chappaquiddick Island in moments. Visit Mytoi Japanese Gardens, Wasque Reservation or many other conservation spots. Edgartown us also home to many art galleries, shops, and restaurants.
Oak Bluffs
Oak Bluffs, to the east, was once a district of Edgartown, but seceded and became a separate town in 1880. In its early years, Oak Bluffs blossomed as a center for summer religious retreats; one of its architectural treasures today is the Methodist Campground, an enclave of multicolored gingerbread cottages with the grand open-air Tabernacle (built in 1879) in its central park. Oak Bluffs is also home to the oldest carousel in the US, take a spin and grab a brass ring.
Both Edgartown and Oak Bluffs have miles of public beaches.
Vineyard Haven
Tisbury is the only Island town with two common names – it’s also known almost interchangeably as Vineyard Haven. In popular usage, Tisbury seems to be the name used most for official labels, like the town government and the school, but it’s the Vineyard Haven Post Office and the Vineyard Haven Public Library. Years ago, Tisbury was known by yet another historic name, Holmes Hole, the “hole” referring to the town’s excellent natural harbor. Indeed, during the days of coastal shipping before the creation of the Cape Cod Canal, Holmes Hole was one of the busiest shipping ports on the whole East Coast. Today, Vineyard Haven is still the island’s main port of entry – Oak Bluffs has a ferry terminal, too, but it closes every fall and winter. In addition to its scenic harbor, Vineyard Haven has a lively Main Street shopping district that stretches from the new Mansion House Hotel to the Bunch of Grapes bookstore to Waterside Market and the Green Room.
West Tisbury
Heading southwest from Vineyard Haven will take you to West Tisbury, another town that testifies to the stubbornly independent spirits of old New Englanders. As the name might suggest, West Tisbury used to be part of Tisbury, but it followed the lead of Oak Bluffs and split away from its parent town in 1892.
A visit to West Tisbury will quickly suggest why its residents felt estranged from the built-up village of Vineyard Haven a century ago. West Tisbury has retained much of its rural charm, and its smaller downtown center features the historic Alley’s General Store (motto: Dealers in Almost Everything). Across from Alley’s is another favorite spot, the Field Gallery, with its whimsical dancing lawn sculptures. West Tisbury is home to the Island’s historic Grange Hall, and to the grounds of the Martha’s Vineyard Agricultural Society, home to the popular fair held every August.
Six towns, many types of people and things to do: a hundred square miles of farms and forests, villages and beaches.
